Library /sys$common/syshlp/SDA.HLB  —  EXAMINE
    Displays either the contents of a location or of a range of
    locations in physical memory, or the contents of a register.
    Use location parameters to display specific locations or use
    qualifiers to display the entire process and system regions of
    memory.

    Format

      EXAMINE  [location [/PHYSICAL] | /ALL | /P0 | /P1 | /SYSTEM]

               [/CONDITION_VALUE | /FPSR | /IFS | /ISR | /PFS

               | /PS | /PSL | /PSR | /PTE | /TIME | /[NO]FD |

               /[NO]PD]

               [/NOSUPPRESS]

               [/INSTRUCTION]

1  –  Parameter 

 location

    Location in memory to be examined. A location can be represented
    by any valid SDA expression. To examine a range of locations, use
    the following syntax:

    m:n  Range of locations to be examined, from m to n
    m;n  Range of locations to be examined, starting at m and
         continuing for n bytes

    The default location that SDA uses is initially 0 in the program
    region (P0) of the process that was executing at the time the
    system failed (if you are examining a crash dump) or your process
    (if you are examining the running system). Subsequent uses
    of the EXAMINE command with no parameter specified increase
    the last address examined by eight. Use of the /INSTRUCTION
    qualifier increases the default address by four (for Alpha) or
    16 (for Integrity server). To examine memory locations of other
    processes, you must use the SET PROCESS command.

2  –  Qualifiers

2.1    /ALL 

    Examines all the locations in the program, and control
    regions and system space, displaying the contents of memory
    in hexadecimal longwords and ASCII characters. Do not specify
    parameters when you use this qualifier.

2.2    /CONDITION_VALUE 

    Examines the specified longword, displaying the message that the
    $GETMSG system service obtains for the value in the longword.

2.3    /FD 

       /FD
       /NOFD

    See the description of /PD.

2.4    /FPSR 

    (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
    format of a floating-point status register.

2.5    /IFS 

    (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
    format of an interruption function state.

2.6    /INSTRUCTION 

    Translates the specified range of memory locations into assembly
    instruction format. Each symbol in the EXAMINE expression that is
    defined as a procedure descriptor is replaced with the code entry
    point address of that procedure, unless you also specify the
    /NOPD qualifier. For Integrity servers only, SDA always displays
    entire bundles of instructions, not individual slots.

2.7    /ISR 

    (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
    format of an interruption status register.

2.8    /NOSUPPRESS 

    Inhibits the suppression of zeros when displaying memory with one
    of the following qualifiers: /ALL, /P0, /P1, /SYSTEM, or when a
    range is specified.

2.9    /P0 

    Displays the entire program region for the default process. Do
    not specify parameters when you use this qualifier.

2.10    /P1 

    Displays the entire control region for the default process. Do
    not specify parameters when you use this qualifier.

2.11    /PD 

       /PD
       /NOPD

    Functionally equivalent to /FD and /NOFD.

    Causes the EXAMINE command to treat the location specified in
    the EXAMINE command as a function descriptor (FD) or procedure
    descriptor (PD), depending on the architecture of the system or
    dump being analyzed. /PD can also be used to qualify symbols.

    You can use the /PD and /NOPD qualifiers with the /INSTRUCTION
    qualifier to override treating symbols as function or procedure
    descriptors. Placing the qualifier right after a symbol overrides
    how the symbol is treated. /PD forces it to be a procedure
    descriptor, and /NOPD forces it to not be a procedure descriptor.

    If you place the /PD qualifier right after the /INSTRUCTION
    qualifier, SDA treats the calculated value as a function or
    procedure descriptor. /NOPD has the opposite effect.

    In the following examples, TEST_ROUTINE is a PD symbol. Its value
    is 500 and the code address in this procedure descriptor is 1000.
    The first example displays instructions starting at 520.

    EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20

    The next example fetches code address from TEST_ROUTINE PD, adds
    20 and displays instructions at that address. In other words, it
    displays code starting at location 1020.

    EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION TEST_ROUTINE+20

    The final example treats the address TEST_ROUTINE+20 as a
    procedure descriptor, so it fetches the code address out of a
    procedure descriptor at address 520. It then uses that address to
    display instructions.

    EXAMINE/INSTRUCTION/PD TEST_ROUTINE/NOPD+20

2.12    /PFS 

    (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
    format of a previous function state.

2.13    /PHYSICAL 

    Examines physical addresses. You cannot use the /PHYSICAL
    qualifier in combination with the /P0, /P1, or /SYSTEM
    qualifiers.

2.14    /PS 

       /PS
       /PSL

    Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the
    format of a processor status. This qualifier must precede any
    parameters used in the command line.

2.15    /PSR 

    (Integrity servers only) Examines the specified expression in the
    format of a processor status register.

2.16    /PTE 

    Interprets and displays the specified quadword as a page table
    entry (PTE). The display separates individual fields of the PTE
    and provides an overall description of the PTE's type.

2.17    /SYSTEM 

    Displays portions of the writable system region. Do not specify
    parameters when you use this qualifier.

2.18    /TIME 

    Examines the specified quadword, displaying its contents in the
    format of a system-date-and-time quadword.
Close Help